危險廢物是指具有腐蝕性、毒性、易燃性、反應(yīng)性或感染性等一種或幾種危險特性的固體廢物。如果管理不當(dāng)，危險廢物可能對生態(tài)環(huán)境和人體健康造成嚴(yán)重危害。危廢暫存庫正是危險廢物在產(chǎn)生、收集、轉(zhuǎn)運和非常終處置之間的“安全港灣”——一個按照嚴(yán)格標(biāo)準(zhǔn)建設(shè)和管理的臨時貯存場所。

Hazardous waste refers to solid waste with one or more hazardous characteristics such as corrosiveness, toxicity, flammability, reactivity, or infectivity. If not managed properly, hazardous waste may cause serious harm to the ecological environment and human health. The hazardous waste temporary storage warehouse is a "safe harbor" between the generation, collection, transportation, and final disposal of hazardous waste - a temporary storage site built and managed according to strict standards.

危廢暫存庫的建設(shè)需嚴(yán)格遵循《危險廢物貯存污染控制標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》（GB18597-2023）和《危險廢物收集貯存運輸技術(shù)規(guī)范》（HJ2025-2012）等法規(guī)要求。根據(jù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定，貯存場所建議做到“防風(fēng)、防曬、防雨、防漏、防滲、防腐”（“六防”）。地面須進行防腐、防滲處理，用以存放裝載液體、半固體危險廢物容器的地方，建議有耐腐蝕的硬化地面，并涂至少2mm厚的環(huán)氧樹脂，且表面無裂隙。在貯存庫內(nèi)或通過貯存分區(qū)方式貯存液態(tài)危險廢物的，應(yīng)具有液體泄漏堵截設(shè)施。用于貯存可能產(chǎn)生滲濾液的危險廢物的貯存庫或貯存分區(qū)，應(yīng)設(shè)計滲濾液收集設(shè)施。危險廢物倉庫內(nèi)應(yīng)設(shè)置安全照明，燈具、線路設(shè)施需滿足防爆要求。同時，按照規(guī)范要求張貼或懸掛危廢二維碼標(biāo)簽。

The construction of hazardous waste temporary storage facilities must strictly comply with regulatory requirements such as the "Pollution Control Standards for Hazardous Waste Storage" (GB18597-2023) and the "Technical Specifications for Collection, Storage, and Transportation of Hazardous Waste" (HJ2025-2012). According to the standard regulations, the storage site must achieve "windproof, sun proof, rain proof, leak proof, anti-seepage, and anti-corrosion" ("six preventions"). The ground must be treated with anti-corrosion and anti-seepage measures. The place used to store containers of liquid and semi-solid hazardous waste must have a corrosion-resistant hardened ground, coated with at least 2mm thick epoxy resin, and have no cracks on the surface. Liquid hazardous waste stored in storage warehouses or through storage zoning should have liquid leak containment facilities. Storage facilities for leachate collection should be designed for storage warehouses or storage zones used to store hazardous waste that may generate leachate. Safety lighting should be installed in hazardous waste warehouses, and lighting fixtures and wiring facilities should meet explosion-proof requirements. At the same time, post or hang hazardous waste QR code labels in accordance with regulatory requirements.

在選址布局方面，危廢暫存庫應(yīng)遠離居民區(qū)、水源地等環(huán)境敏感區(qū)域。在結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計方面，庫房需采用實體墻結(jié)構(gòu)，具備良好的通風(fēng)條件和消防設(shè)施。在分類管理方面，不同類別的危險廢物應(yīng)分區(qū)存放，不相容的廢物不得混存。新修訂的《危險廢物貯存污染控制標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》（GB 18597-2023）將貯存設(shè)施分為貯存庫、貯存場、貯存池、貯存罐區(qū)四大類，并針對不同類型提出差異化管理要求。根據(jù)《中華人民共和國固體廢物污染環(huán)境防治法》的相關(guān)規(guī)定，產(chǎn)生危險廢物的單位建議設(shè)立獨立的、符合安全與環(huán)保要求的危險廢物貯存設(shè)施。一個規(guī)范建設(shè)的危廢暫存庫，不僅能夠確保危險廢物的安全暫存，更是企業(yè)履行環(huán)保主體責(zé)任、防范環(huán)境風(fēng)險的重要保障。

In terms of site selection and layout, hazardous waste temporary storage facilities should be located away from environmentally sensitive areas such as residential areas and water sources. In terms of structural design, the warehouse needs to adopt a solid wall structure with good ventilation conditions and fire-fighting facilities. In terms of classification management, hazardous waste of different categories should be stored in different zones, and incompatible waste should not be mixed. The newly revised "Pollution Control Standards for Hazardous Waste Storage" (GB 18597-2023) divides storage facilities into four categories: storage warehouses, storage yards, storage pools, and storage tank areas, and proposes differentiated management requirements for different types. According to the relevant provisions of the Solid Waste Pollution Prevention and Control Law of the People's Republic of China, units that generate hazardous waste must establish independent hazardous waste storage facilities that meet safety and environmental protection requirements. A standardized hazardous waste storage facility not only ensures the safe storage of hazardous waste, but also serves as an important guarantee for enterprises to fulfill their environmental responsibilities and prevent environmental risks.

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