危廢貯存間建設(shè)需嚴(yán)格遵循 《危險(xiǎn)廢物貯存污染控制標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》（GB18597-2023）和 《危險(xiǎn)廢物收集貯存運(yùn)輸技術(shù)規(guī)范》（HJ2025-2012），同時(shí)結(jié)合《建設(shè)項(xiàng)目危險(xiǎn)廢物環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià)指南》要求，從 “設(shè)施建設(shè)” 和 “日常管理” 兩大維度落實(shí)規(guī)范，具體內(nèi)容如下：

　　The construction of hazardous waste storage rooms must strictly comply with the "Pollution Control Standards for Hazardous Waste Storage" (GB18597-2023) and the "Technical Specifications for Collection, Storage, and Transportation of Hazardous Waste" (HJ2025-2012). At the same time, in accordance with the requirements of the "Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment of Hazardous Waste in Construction Projects", the specifications should be implemented from the two dimensions of "facility construction" and "daily management". The specific contents are as follows:

　　一、危廢貯存間建設(shè)規(guī)范：

　　1、 Construction standards for hazardous waste storage rooms:

　　按貯存設(shè)施類(lèi)型分類(lèi)落實(shí)根據(jù)危廢特性與貯存形式，貯存設(shè)施分為貯存庫(kù)、貯存場(chǎng)、貯存池、貯存罐區(qū)、貯存點(diǎn)五類(lèi)，每類(lèi)設(shè)施需滿(mǎn)足針對(duì)性污染控制要求，核心建設(shè)要點(diǎn)如下：

　　According to the characteristics and storage forms of hazardous waste, storage facilities are classified into five types: storage warehouses, storage yards, storage pools, storage tank areas, and storage points. Each type of facility must meet targeted pollution control requirements. The core construction points are as follows:

　　1. 通用基礎(chǔ)要求（所有類(lèi)型設(shè)施均需滿(mǎn)足）監(jiān)控與標(biāo)識(shí)：配備內(nèi)外全覆蓋的視頻監(jiān)控設(shè)施；設(shè)置統(tǒng)一規(guī)范的 “貯存設(shè)施標(biāo)識(shí)牌”（含危廢類(lèi)別、管理制度、應(yīng)急聯(lián)系方式），同時(shí)在分區(qū)處設(shè)置 “分區(qū)標(biāo)識(shí)牌”。配套設(shè)備：配置稱(chēng)重設(shè)備（用于臺(tái)賬記錄重量）、應(yīng)急與消防物資（如滅火器、防泄漏工具、防護(hù)裝備等），確保應(yīng)急需求。地面處理：所有貯存場(chǎng)所地面需硬化，存放液態(tài) / 半固態(tài)危廢容器的區(qū)域，需做耐腐蝕硬化處理（涂覆至少 2mm 厚高密度環(huán)氧樹(shù)脂，表面無(wú)裂隙）。

　　1. General basic requirements (all types of facilities must meet) Monitoring and identification: equipped with fully covered video surveillance facilities both inside and outside; Set up unified and standardized "storage facility identification signs" (including hazardous waste categories, management systems, emergency contact information), and also set up "zone identification signs" at designated areas. Supporting equipment: equipped with weighing devices (for recording weight in the ledger), emergency and fire-fighting supplies (such as fire extinguishers, leak prevention tools, protective equipment, etc.), to ensure emergency needs. Ground treatment: All storage areas must have hardened floors, and areas storing liquid/semi-solid hazardous waste containers must undergo corrosion-resistant hardening treatment (coated with at least 2mm thick high-density epoxy resin, with no cracks on the surface).

　　2. 分類(lèi)型設(shè)施建設(shè)要點(diǎn)設(shè)施類(lèi)型適用場(chǎng)景核心建設(shè)要求貯存庫(kù)（倉(cāng)庫(kù)式）多種類(lèi)、多形態(tài)危廢（含液態(tài)、易揮發(fā)類(lèi)）

　　2. Key points for facility construction by type, applicable scenarios, core construction requirements, storage facilities (warehouse style), multiple types and forms of hazardous waste (including liquid and volatile types)

　　1.?分區(qū)隔離：不同類(lèi)別危廢分區(qū)存放，用過(guò)道、隔板或隔墻隔離，避免混存；

　　1. Partition isolation: Hazardous waste of different categories should be stored in separate areas, separated by corridors, partitions, or walls to avoid mixing;

　　2.?防泄漏設(shè)計(jì)：貯存液態(tài) / 易產(chǎn)生滲濾液的危廢時(shí)，需配備 “泄漏堵截設(shè)施” 和 “滲濾液收集設(shè)施”：

　　2. Leak prevention design: When storing liquid/hazardous waste that is prone to producing leachate, "leak interception facilities" and "leachate collection facilities" should be equipped:

　　- 泄漏堵截設(shè)施容積：取 “對(duì)應(yīng)區(qū)域非常大液態(tài)危廢容器容積” 和 “液態(tài)危廢總儲(chǔ)量 1/10” 中的較大值；

　　-Leakage interception facility volume: take the larger of the "maximum liquid hazardous waste container volume in the corresponding area" and "1/10 of the total liquid hazardous waste storage capacity";

　　- 滲濾液收集設(shè)施容積：滿(mǎn)足實(shí)際收集需求；

　　-Capacity of leachate collection facilities: meets actual collection needs;

　　3.?廢氣治理：易產(chǎn)生粉塵、VOCs、酸霧的危廢，需安裝氣體收集裝置 + 凈化設(shè)施，排氣筒高度符合《大氣污染物綜合排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》（GB16297-1996）。貯存場(chǎng)（半開(kāi)放式，帶頂棚）大量低揮發(fā)固態(tài)危廢1.?防雨水沖刷：設(shè)置徑流疏導(dǎo)系統(tǒng)，能抵御當(dāng)?shù)刂噩F(xiàn)期≥25 年的暴雨，防止雨水進(jìn)入貯存區(qū)；

　　3. Waste gas treatment: prone to generating dust VOCs、 The hazardous waste of acid mist requires the installation of gas collection devices and purification facilities, and the height of the exhaust pipe should comply with the Comprehensive Emission Standards for Air Pollutants (GB16297-1996). Storage site (semi open, with roof) for a large amount of low volatile solid hazardous waste? Rainwater erosion prevention: a runoff diversion system is set to resist the local rainstorm with a return period of ≥ 25 years and prevent rainwater from entering the storage area;

　　2.?液體收集：整體或分區(qū)設(shè)計(jì)液體導(dǎo)流 / 收集設(shè)施，容積需容納非常不利情況下的滲濾液、廢水；

　　2. Liquid collection: Design liquid diversion/collection facilities as a whole or in zones, with a capacity to accommodate the worst-case scenario of leachate and wastewater;

　　3.?防滲與防揚(yáng)散：危廢直接接觸地面時(shí)，基礎(chǔ)需做防滲處理（二選一）：

　　3. Anti seepage and anti scattering: When hazardous waste comes into direct contact with the ground, the foundation needs to be treated with anti-seepage measures (either option):

　　- 至少 1 米厚黏土層（滲透系數(shù)≤10??cm/s）；

　　-At least 1 meter thick clay layer (permeability coefficient ≤ 10 μ m/s);

　　- 至少 2mm 厚高密度聚乙烯膜等人工防滲材料（滲透系數(shù)≤10???cm/s）；

　　-At least 2mm thick high-density polyethylene film and other artificial anti-seepage materials (permeability coefficient ≤ 10 cm/s);

　　- 采取覆蓋、圍擋等措施防止危廢揚(yáng)散、流失。貯存池（池體形式，室內(nèi) / 帶頂棚）單一類(lèi)別液態(tài) / 半固態(tài)危廢1.?全范圍防滲：防滲層覆蓋整個(gè)池體及基礎(chǔ)，確保無(wú)滲漏；

　　-Take measures such as covering and fencing to prevent the dispersion and loss of hazardous waste. Storage tank (tank form, indoor/with roof) for single category liquid/semi-solid hazardous waste 1? Full range anti-seepage: The anti-seepage layer covers the entire pool body and foundation to ensure no leakage;

　　2.?防雨水侵入：設(shè)施能抵御重現(xiàn)期≥25 年的暴雨，避免雨水、地面徑流進(jìn)入；

　　2.? Rain water intrusion prevention: the facilities can resist rainstorm with a return period of ≥ 25 years, and prevent rainwater and surface runoff from entering;

　　3.?廢氣控制：減少大氣污染物無(wú)組織排放，必要時(shí)配備廢氣治理設(shè)施。貯存罐區(qū)（固定式，含罐體 + 輔助設(shè)施）液態(tài)危廢1.?圍堰防護(hù)：罐體建議置于圍堰內(nèi)，圍堰需滿(mǎn)足防滲、防腐要求；

　　3. Waste gas control: Reduce unorganized emissions of air pollutants and equip waste gas treatment facilities if necessary. Storage tank area (fixed, including tank and auxiliary facilities) for liquid hazardous waste 1? Cofferdam protection: The tank must be placed inside the cofferdam, which must meet the requirements of anti-seepage and anti-corrosion;

　　2.?圍堰容積：至少能容納區(qū)內(nèi)非常大貯存罐意外泄漏的全部危廢量；

　　2. Capacity of the cofferdam: at least able to accommodate the total amount of hazardous waste accidentally leaked from the largest storage tank in the area;

　　3.?液體處理：圍堰內(nèi)收集的廢液、廢水、初期雨水需及時(shí)處理，禁止直接排放。貯存點(diǎn)（簡(jiǎn)易貯存設(shè)施）少量、臨時(shí)存放的危廢需滿(mǎn)足 “地面硬化、防泄漏、標(biāo)識(shí)清晰” 基礎(chǔ)要求，具體參照對(duì)應(yīng)危廢形態(tài)的防護(hù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（如固態(tài)危廢防揚(yáng)散、液態(tài)危廢防滲漏）。

　　3. Liquid treatment: Waste liquid, wastewater, and initial rainwater collected within the cofferdam must be treated promptly and direct discharge is prohibited. The storage point (simple storage facility) should meet the basic requirements of "ground hardening, leak prevention, and clear labeling" for small and temporarily stored hazardous waste, and refer to the corresponding protection standards for hazardous waste forms (such as solid hazardous waste anti scattering, liquid hazardous waste anti leakage).

　　二、危廢貯存間管理規(guī)范：

　　2、 Management Regulations for Hazardous Waste Storage Room:

　　從 “物資管理” 到 “臺(tái)賬與應(yīng)急” 全流程管控

　　From "material management" to "ledger and emergency" full process control

　　1. 設(shè)施與物資管理防泄漏配套管理：

　　1. Facility and material management, leak prevention and supporting management:

　　- 存放固態(tài) / 半固態(tài)危廢時(shí)，設(shè)置收料托盤(pán)，用于收集泄漏物料；- 倉(cāng)庫(kù)內(nèi)設(shè)置防泄漏收集導(dǎo)流溝渠，溝渠連接至收集池，收集池容積不低于 “非常大容器容量” 或 “危廢儲(chǔ)量 1/5” 中的較大值；- 易產(chǎn)生粉塵、VOCs、酸霧的危廢，建議裝入閉口容器 / 包裝物內(nèi)貯存，廢氣排放需符合《大氣污染物綜合排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》（GB16297）和《揮發(fā)性有機(jī)物無(wú)組織排放控制標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》（GB37822）。應(yīng)急與安全管理：- 倉(cāng)庫(kù)內(nèi)及出入口處設(shè)置 24 小時(shí)視頻監(jiān)控，確保無(wú)死角；- 配備安全照明（燈具、線路需滿(mǎn)足防爆要求）；- 按風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等級(jí)配備對(duì)應(yīng)應(yīng)急物資（如防腐蝕手套、護(hù)目鏡、吸附棉、滅火器等），存放于應(yīng)急物資柜，定期檢查補(bǔ)充；- 空包裝桶 / 容器需放在卡板上，堆疊整齊并纏繞拉伸膜固定，張貼危廢二維碼標(biāo)簽，避免二次污染。

　　-When storing solid/semi-solid hazardous waste, set up a receiving tray to collect leaked materials; -Set up leak proof collection and diversion channels in the warehouse, which are connected to collection tanks with a capacity not less than the larger of "maximum container capacity" or "hazardous waste storage capacity 1/5"; -Easy to generate dust VOCs、 The hazardous waste of acid mist must be stored in closed containers/packaging materials, and the exhaust emissions must comply with the Comprehensive Emission Standards for Air Pollutants (GB16297) and the Unorganized Emission Control Standards for Volatile Organic Compounds (GB37822). Emergency and safety management: Set up 24-hour video surveillance in the warehouse and at entrances and exits to ensure no blind spots; -Equipped with safety lighting (lamps and circuits must meet explosion-proof requirements); -Equip corresponding emergency supplies (such as anti-corrosion gloves, goggles, absorbent cotton, fire extinguishers, etc.) according to the risk level, store them in emergency supply cabinets, and regularly inspect and replenish them; -Empty packaging drums/containers should be placed on pallets, stacked neatly and secured with stretch film, and labeled with hazardous waste QR codes to avoid secondary pollution.

　　2. 標(biāo)識(shí)與標(biāo)簽管理

　　2. Identification and label management

　?。?）危險(xiǎn)廢物標(biāo)簽：附著于容器 / 包裝物內(nèi)容要素（缺一不可）：廢物名稱(chēng)、類(lèi)別代碼（依據(jù)《國(guó)家危險(xiǎn)廢物名錄》）、危險(xiǎn)特性標(biāo)識(shí)（腐蝕性 / 毒性 / 易燃性 / 反應(yīng)性）、主要 / 有害成分、產(chǎn)生單位及聯(lián)系人、數(shù)字識(shí)別碼（唯一追溯編碼）、二維碼、產(chǎn)生日期與重量、注意事項(xiàng)。設(shè)置要求：- 位置：容器明顯可見(jiàn)處（箱類(lèi)端面 / 側(cè)面、桶類(lèi)桶身 / 桶蓋、袋類(lèi)表面），避免遮擋或污染；- 尺寸：按容積分級(jí) ——≤50L 用 100×100mm、＞50~≤450L 用 150×150mm、＞450L 用 200×200mm；- 材質(zhì)：防水耐用（如不干膠覆膜、塑封）；- 特殊情形：無(wú)包裝危廢需設(shè)置柱式標(biāo)志牌替代標(biāo)簽。

　　(1) Hazardous waste label: attached to the content elements of the container/packaging (indispensable): waste name, category code (based on the National Hazardous Waste List), hazardous characteristic identification (corrosive/toxic/flammable/reactive), main/harmful components, production unit and contact person, digital identification code (unique traceability code), QR code, production date and weight, precautions. Setting requirements: - Location: Clearly visible parts of the container (box end face/side, barrel body/lid, bag surface), avoiding obstruction or contamination; -Size: Classified by volume - ≤ 50L uses 100 × 100mm,>50~≤ 450L uses 150 × 150mm,>450L uses 200 × 200mm; - Material: Waterproof and durable (such as adhesive film, plastic sealing); -Special circumstances: Unpackaged hazardous waste requires column type signs to replace labels.

　　（2）貯存分區(qū)標(biāo)志：置于設(shè)施內(nèi)部，可視化管理制作要求：- 背景色：黃色（RGB255,255,0）或橙色（RGB255,150,0），字體為黑體，“危險(xiǎn)廢物貯存分區(qū)標(biāo)志” 字樣加粗居中；- 尺寸：按觀察距離確定（見(jiàn)下表）設(shè)置細(xì)則：- 分區(qū)依據(jù)：按危廢類(lèi)別、形態(tài)及相容性劃分，避免不相容危廢混存（如 HW08 廢機(jī)油與 HW12 廢油漆渣分開(kāi)）；- 位置：每個(gè)分區(qū)入口處的通道、墻壁或欄桿等易觀察位置；- 更新：隨貯存危廢種類(lèi)變化動(dòng)態(tài)調(diào)整標(biāo)志內(nèi)容。

　　(2) Storage zone sign: placed inside the facility, visual management production requirements: - Background color: yellow (RGB255255,0) or orange (RGB255150,0), font is in bold, and the words "Hazardous Waste Storage Zone Sign" are bolded and centered; -Size: determined by observation distance (see table below) Setting rules: - Zoning basis: divided by hazardous waste category, form, and compatibility to avoid incompatible hazardous waste mixing (such as separating HW08 waste engine oil from HW12 waste oil paint residue); -Location: easily observable locations such as passages, walls, or railings at the entrance of each partition; -Update: Dynamically adjust the content of the label according to changes in the type of hazardous waste stored.

　　3. 臺(tái)賬與追溯管理建立貯存臺(tái)賬：

　　3. Establish a storage ledger for ledger and traceability management:

　　通過(guò) “實(shí)驗(yàn)室綜合管理平臺(tái)” 或紙質(zhì)臺(tái)賬，如實(shí)記錄危廢 “入庫(kù) - 貯存 - 出庫(kù)” 全流程，內(nèi)容包括：廢物名稱(chēng)、類(lèi)別代碼、重量、產(chǎn)生日期、貯存位置、出庫(kù)去向（如轉(zhuǎn)移至處置單位）、經(jīng)辦人等；信息化追溯：所有危廢容器張貼二維碼標(biāo)簽，掃碼可查詢(xún)臺(tái)賬信息，實(shí)現(xiàn) “一物一碼” 追溯；臺(tái)賬保存：至少保存 5 年，以備監(jiān)管部門(mén)核查。

　　Through the "Laboratory Comprehensive Management Platform" or paper ledger, truthfully record the entire process of hazardous waste "inbound storage outbound", including waste name, category code, weight, generation date, storage location, outbound destination (such as transfer to disposal unit), handler, etc; Information traceability: All hazardous waste containers are labeled with QR codes, which can be scanned to query ledger information and achieve "one item, one code" traceability; Record keeping: Keep for at least 5 years for regulatory authorities to verify.

　　4. 特殊管理要求禁止混存：

　　4. Special management requirements prohibit mixing:

　　不相容危廢（如酸性與堿性危廢、易燃與氧化性危廢）建議分區(qū)隔離，嚴(yán)禁混存；- 貯存時(shí)限：一般危廢貯存時(shí)限不超過(guò) 1 年，確需延長(zhǎng)的需向當(dāng)?shù)厣鷳B(tài)環(huán)境部門(mén)申請(qǐng)；- 定期檢查：每日巡查貯存設(shè)施是否破損、泄漏，每周檢查應(yīng)急物資是否完好，每月核對(duì)臺(tái)賬與實(shí)際貯存危廢是否一致，發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題及時(shí)整改。

　　Incompatible hazardous waste (such as acidic and alkaline hazardous waste, flammable and oxidizing hazardous waste) must be segregated and strictly prohibited from being stored together; -Storage time limit: Generally, the storage time limit for hazardous waste should not exceed one year. If an extension is necessary, an application must be made to the local ecological and environmental department; -Regular inspection: Daily inspection of storage facilities for damage and leakage, weekly inspection of emergency supplies for integrity, monthly verification of ledger and actual storage of hazardous waste for consistency, and timely rectification of any problems found.