危廢貯存間相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)范

　　Standard specifications for hazardous waste storage rooms

　　標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：危險(xiǎn)廢物貯存間的建設(shè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)執(zhí)行----《危險(xiǎn)廢物貯存污染控制標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》（GB18597-2023）。

　　Standard: The construction standards for hazardous waste storage rooms shall comply with the "Pollution Control Standards for Hazardous Waste Storage" (GB18597-2023).

　　規(guī)范：危廢收集、貯存涉及的規(guī)范----《危險(xiǎn)廢物收集貯存運(yùn)輸技術(shù)規(guī)范》（HJ2025-2012）。

　　Specification: The technical specifications for the collection, storage, and transportation of hazardous waste (HJ2025-2012).

　　指南：涉及危險(xiǎn)廢物的環(huán)評(píng)內(nèi)容評(píng)價(jià)指南----《建設(shè)項(xiàng)目危險(xiǎn)廢物環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià)指南》

　　Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment of Hazardous Waste in Construction Projects - Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment of Hazardous Waste in Construction Projects

　　貯存設(shè)施的建設(shè)要求根據(jù)危險(xiǎn)廢物的特性和貯存形式，貯存設(shè)施分為貯存庫(kù)、貯存場(chǎng)、貯存池、貯存罐區(qū)和貯存點(diǎn)五類，每類都要滿足特定的污染控制要求：

　　The construction requirements for storage facilities are based on the characteristics and storage forms of hazardous waste. Storage facilities are divided into five categories: storage warehouses, storage yards, storage pools, storage tank areas, and storage points. Each category must meet specific pollution control requirements:

　　貯存庫(kù)（倉(cāng)庫(kù)式的貯存設(shè)施，適合多種類、多形態(tài)的危廢）不同的貯存分區(qū)之間要采取隔離措施，可以用過道、隔板或者隔墻，避免混存的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。如果貯存液態(tài)危廢或者可能產(chǎn)生滲濾液的危廢，一定要配備液體泄漏堵截設(shè)施和滲濾液收集設(shè)施。其中，泄漏堵截設(shè)施的非常小容積，要選對(duì)應(yīng)區(qū)域非常大液態(tài)廢物容器容積和液態(tài)廢物總儲(chǔ)量 1/10 里更大的那個(gè)；滲濾液收集設(shè)施的容積要能滿足實(shí)際收集需要。對(duì)于容易產(chǎn)生粉塵、揮發(fā)性有機(jī)物（VOCs）、酸霧等有害氣體的危廢，貯存庫(kù)要安裝氣體收集裝置和凈化設(shè)施，排氣筒高度要符合《大氣污染物綜合排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》（GB16297-1996）。

　　Storage facilities (warehouse style storage facilities suitable for various types and forms of hazardous waste) should adopt isolation measures between different storage zones, such as corridors, partitions, or walls, to avoid the risk of mixed storage. If storing liquid hazardous waste or hazardous waste that may generate leachate, it is necessary to equip with liquid leakage interception facilities and leachate collection facilities. Among them, the minimum volume of the leakage interception facility should be selected based on the larger of the maximum liquid waste container volume in the corresponding area and 1/10 mile of the total liquid waste storage capacity; The volume of the leachate collection facility should be able to meet the actual collection needs. For hazardous waste that is prone to generate harmful gases such as dust, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), acid mist, etc., gas collection devices and purification facilities should be installed in the storage facility, and the height of the exhaust pipe should comply with the Comprehensive Emission Standards for Air Pollutants (GB16297-1996).

　　2.貯存場(chǎng)（半開放式的設(shè)施，有頂棚，適合大量低揮發(fā)的危廢）要設(shè)置徑流疏導(dǎo)系統(tǒng)，保證能擋住當(dāng)?shù)刂噩F(xiàn)期不小于 25 年的暴雨，防止雨水流進(jìn)貯存區(qū)或者沖淋到危廢?？梢哉w或者分區(qū)設(shè)計(jì)液體導(dǎo)流和收集設(shè)施，設(shè)施容積要能在非常不利的情況下裝下對(duì)應(yīng)貯存區(qū)域產(chǎn)生的滲濾液、廢水等液態(tài)物質(zhì)。要采取措施防止危廢揚(yáng)散、流失；如果危廢直接接觸地面，基礎(chǔ)建議做防滲處理：可以用至少 1 米厚的黏土層（滲透系數(shù)不大于 10??cm/s），或者至少 2 毫米厚的高密度聚乙烯膜等人工防滲材料（滲透系數(shù)不大于 10???cm/s），也可以用其他防滲性能差不多的材料。

　　2. The storage yard (semi open facility, with ceiling, suitable for a large number of low volatile hazardous wastes) shall be equipped with a runoff diversion system to ensure that it can block the local rainstorm with a recurrence period of not less than 25 years and prevent rainwater from flowing into the storage area or washing hazardous wastes. Liquid diversion and collection facilities can be designed as a whole or in zones, with a capacity that can accommodate liquid substances such as leachate and wastewater generated in the corresponding storage area under the most unfavorable conditions. Measures should be taken to prevent the dispersion and loss of hazardous waste; If hazardous waste comes into direct contact with the ground, the foundation must be treated with anti-seepage measures: at least 1 meter thick clay layer (permeability coefficient not greater than 10 ?? cm/s), or at least 2 millimeters thick high-density polyethylene film or other artificial anti-seepage materials (permeability coefficient not greater than 10 ??? cm/s) can be used, or other materials with similar anti-seepage performance can be used.

　　3.貯存池（池體形式的設(shè)施，有頂棚或者在室內(nèi)，適合單一類別的液態(tài)或半固態(tài)危廢）防滲層要覆蓋整個(gè)池體，還要延伸到基礎(chǔ)，確保不會(huì)滲漏。要采取措施防止雨水、地面徑流進(jìn)入，能擋住重現(xiàn)期不小于 25 年的暴雨。要減少大氣污染物的無組織排放，有必要的話要配備廢氣治理設(shè)施。

　　3. The anti-seepage layer of the storage tank (a facility in the form of a tank with a roof or indoors, suitable for a single type of liquid or semi-solid hazardous waste) should cover the entire tank and extend to the foundation to ensure that there is no leakage. Measures shall be taken to prevent rainwater and surface runoff from entering, which can block the rainstorm with a return period of no less than 25 years. To reduce the unorganized emissions of air pollutants, it is necessary to equip waste gas treatment facilities if necessary.

　　4.貯存罐區(qū)（固定式的設(shè)施，由罐體和相關(guān)輔助設(shè)備、防護(hù)系統(tǒng)組成，適合液態(tài)危廢）罐體建議放在圍堰里，圍堰要能滿足防滲、防腐的性能要求。圍堰的容積至少要能裝下區(qū)內(nèi)非常大貯存罐意外泄漏時(shí)的全部危廢量。圍堰里收集的廢液、廢水和初期雨水要及時(shí)處理，不能直接排放。貯存設(shè)施管理?①貯存場(chǎng)所地面須硬化處理，用以存放裝載液體、半固體危險(xiǎn)廢物容器的地方，建議有耐腐蝕的硬化地面，并涂至少 2mm 密度高的環(huán)氧樹脂，且表面無裂隙。

　　4. The storage tank area (a fixed facility consisting of tanks, related auxiliary equipment, and protective systems, suitable for liquid hazardous waste) must place the tanks in a cofferdam that can meet the performance requirements of anti-seepage and anti-corrosion. The volume of the cofferdam should be able to accommodate at least the entire amount of hazardous waste in case of accidental leakage from the largest storage tank in the area. The waste liquid, wastewater, and initial rainwater collected in the cofferdam should be treated in a timely manner and cannot be directly discharged. Storage facility management: The ground of the storage site must be hardened. The area used to store containers of liquid and semi-solid hazardous waste must have a corrosion-resistant hardened ground, coated with at least 2mm high-density epoxy resin, and have no cracks on the surface.

　?、诖娣殴虘B(tài)半固態(tài)物料可設(shè)置收料托盤，用于收集泄漏物料。③倉(cāng)庫(kù)內(nèi)應(yīng)設(shè)置防泄漏收集導(dǎo)流溝渠，導(dǎo)流溝連接至收集池內(nèi)。④倉(cāng)庫(kù)內(nèi)應(yīng)設(shè)置防泄漏收集池，收集池容積不低于非常大容器的非常大量或儲(chǔ)量的五分之一。⑤危險(xiǎn)廢物倉(cāng)庫(kù)內(nèi)及出入口處需設(shè)置監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)。⑥危險(xiǎn)廢物倉(cāng)庫(kù)內(nèi)應(yīng)設(shè)置安全照明，燈具，線路設(shè)施，設(shè)置需滿足防爆要求。

　?、?Storage of solid and semi-solid materials can be equipped with a receiving tray for collecting leaked materials. ③ Anti leakage collection and diversion channels should be set up in the warehouse, and the diversion channels should be connected to the collection pool. ④ An anti leakage collection pool should be installed in the warehouse, with a capacity not less than one-fifth of the maximum capacity or storage capacity of the largest container. ⑤ A monitoring system should be installed inside the hazardous waste warehouse and at the entrances and exits. ⑥ Safety lighting, lamps, and wiring facilities should be installed in the hazardous waste warehouse to meet explosion-proof requirements.

　?、甙凑找?guī)范要求張貼或懸掛危廢二維碼標(biāo)簽。⑧倉(cāng)庫(kù)內(nèi)配備與環(huán)境事故風(fēng)險(xiǎn)相對(duì)應(yīng)的應(yīng)急物資。⑨不同規(guī)格的空包裝桶、容器放在卡板上，應(yīng)堆疊整齊，用拉伸纏繞膜圍緊實(shí)，貼上危廢二維碼標(biāo)簽。⑩易產(chǎn)生粉塵、VOCs、酸霧、有毒有害大氣污染物和刺激性氣味氣體的危險(xiǎn)廢物應(yīng)裝入閉口容器或包裝物內(nèi)貯存。貯存設(shè)施產(chǎn)生的廢氣（含無組織廢氣）的排放應(yīng)符合 GB 16297 和 GB 37822 規(guī)定的要求。?建立危險(xiǎn)廢物貯存臺(tái)賬，并如實(shí)和規(guī)范記錄危險(xiǎn)廢物貯存情況。危險(xiǎn)廢物標(biāo)簽設(shè)置規(guī)范危險(xiǎn)廢物標(biāo)簽是附著于危險(xiǎn)廢物容器或包裝物上的信息載體，用于向操作人員、監(jiān)管者及應(yīng)急處置人員傳遞廢物的理化特性、危害屬性及管理責(zé)任信息，從而警示環(huán)境風(fēng)險(xiǎn)并指導(dǎo)安全操作。內(nèi)容要素廢物名稱、類別代碼（依據(jù)《國(guó)家危險(xiǎn)廢物名錄》）危險(xiǎn)特性標(biāo)識(shí)（如腐蝕性、毒性、易燃性、反應(yīng)性）主要/有害成分、產(chǎn)生單位及聯(lián)系人數(shù)字識(shí)別碼（唯一追溯編碼）及二維碼（信息化管理載體）產(chǎn)生日期與重量設(shè)置要求位置：需在容器明顯可見處（箱類在端面/側(cè)面、桶類在桶身/桶蓋、袋類在表面），避免被遮擋或污染；尺寸：按容積分級(jí)（≤50L用100×100mm、＞50~≤450L用150×150mm、＞450L用200×200mm）；材質(zhì)：需防水耐用（如不干膠覆膜或塑封處理）特殊情形：無包裝廢物需設(shè)置柱式標(biāo)志牌替代標(biāo)簽

　?、?Post or hang hazardous waste QR code labels in accordance with regulatory requirements. ⑧ The warehouse is equipped with emergency supplies that correspond to the risk of environmental accidents. ⑨ Empty packaging drums and containers of different specifications should be stacked neatly on pallets, tightly wrapped with stretch wrap, and labeled with hazardous waste QR codes. ⑩ Easy to generate dust VOCs、 Hazardous waste such as acid mist, toxic and harmful air pollutants, and irritating odor gases should be stored in closed containers or packaging materials. The emission of waste gas (including unorganized waste gas) generated by storage facilities shall comply with the requirements of GB 16297 and GB 37822. ? Establish a hazardous waste storage ledger and truthfully and standardly record the storage of hazardous waste. Regulations for the Setting of Hazardous Waste Labels Hazardous waste labels are information carriers attached to hazardous waste containers or packaging materials, used to convey the physical and chemical properties, hazard attributes, and management responsibility information of waste to operators, regulators, and emergency response personnel, thereby warning environmental risks and guiding safe operations. Content elements include waste name, category code (based on the National Hazardous Waste List), hazardous characteristic identification (such as corrosiveness, toxicity, flammability, reactivity), main/harmful components, production unit and contact person digital identification code (unique traceability code), and QR code (information management carrier). The required location for setting the production date and weight should be in a clearly visible place on the container (boxes on the end face/side, barrels on the barrel body/lid, bags on the surface), to avoid obstruction or contamination; Size: Classified by volume (100 × 100mm for ≤ 50L, 150 × 150mm for ＞ 50~≤ 450L, and 200 × 200mm for ＞ 450L); Material: Waterproof and durable (such as self-adhesive film or plastic sealing treatment). Special circumstances: Unpackaged waste requires column type signs instead of labels

　　危險(xiǎn)廢物貯存分區(qū)標(biāo)志設(shè)置規(guī)范標(biāo)志設(shè)置于貯存設(shè)施內(nèi)部，以平面分布圖形式展示分區(qū)布局、廢物類別、應(yīng)急物資位置及進(jìn)出口方向，實(shí)現(xiàn)危險(xiǎn)廢物分類貯存的可視化管理

　　Standard for Setting up Hazardous Waste Storage Zoning Signs: Signs should be placed inside storage facilities to display zoning layout, waste categories, emergency material locations, and import and export directions in the form of a flat distribution map, achieving visual management of hazardous waste classification and storage

　　制作要求：標(biāo)志背景顏色采用黃色(RGB255,255,0)，橙色(RGB 255,150,0)，字體采用黑體字?！拔ｋU(xiǎn)廢物貯存分區(qū)標(biāo)志”字樣加粗放大并居中顯示。尺寸要求如下圖

　　Production requirements: The background color of the logo should be yellow (RGB255255.0), orange (RGB 255150,0), and the font should be in bold. The words "Hazardous Waste Storage Zone Sign" are bolded, enlarged, and displayed in the center. The size requirements are shown in the following figure

　　設(shè)置細(xì)則分區(qū)劃分：依據(jù)廢物類別、形態(tài)及相容性，避免不相容廢物混存；位置要求：每個(gè)分區(qū)入口處的通道、墻壁或欄桿等易觀察位置；尺寸規(guī)范：按觀察距離確定（≤2.5m用300×300mm、＞2.5~4m用450×450mm、＞4m用600×600mm）；更新機(jī)制：隨貯存廢物種類變化動(dòng)態(tài)調(diào)整標(biāo)志內(nèi)容

　　Setting up detailed zoning rules: based on the type, form, and compatibility of waste, avoid mixing incompatible waste; Location requirements: easy to observe locations such as passages, walls, or railings at the entrance of each partition; Dimensional specifications: determined by observation distance (300 × 300mm for ≤ 2.5m, 450 × 450mm for ＞ 2.5-4m, 600 × 600mm for ＞ 4m); Update mechanism: dynamically adjust the content of the flag according to changes in the type of stored waste

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